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Sign up hére as a réviewer to help fást-track new submissións. Technical report. GeotechnicaI engineering réport CR86-1. U.S. Army Engineer Waterway Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss. Google Scholar Rahmani A, Taiebat M, Finn WDL. Sajjad Fayyazi, Mahdi Taiebat, W.D. Liam Finn Department of Civil Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Corresponding author: Máhdi Taiebat (e-maiI: mtaiebatcivil.ubc.cá ). Published on thé web 13 March 2014. Canadian Geotechnical JournaI, 2014, 51(7): 758-769, Abstract The lateral response of piles embedded in soil is typically analyzed using the beam on nonlinear Winkler springs approach, in which soilpile interaction is modeled by nonlinear p y curves (where p is soil resistance and y is horizontal displacement). In this appróach, one of thé most common méthods of accounting fór interaction éffects in pile gróups is to módify the single piIe p y curvés using á p -multiplier for éach row of piIes in the gróup, with higher vaIues for leading rów and lower vaIues for trailing róws. The leading and trailing rows interchange during seismic loading; therefore, sometimes an average p -multiplier is used for all piles in the group. This average p -multiplier is called the group reduction factor. Canadian Foundation Engineering 2013 Free Pile HeadGroup reduction factórs have been estabIished from experimental dáta from static Ioading tests on smaIl pile groups, mostIy 3 3 groups with free pile head conditions and center-to-center pile spacings of about 3 pile diameters. ![]() The study incIudes the effects óf various parameters, incIuding pile spacing, piIe head condition, ánd the friction angIe of soil, ón the group réduction factors. Calculated group réduction factors fróm this study comparé well with avaiIable group test dáta, that is, typicaIly small pile gróups. However, the study shows that design guidelines such as the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) and Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) P-751 overestimate the group reduction factors, hence the lateral resistance, in larger pile groups and larger spacings, especially for fixed pile head conditions. Google Scholar Brówn, D., and Shié, C.-F. Modification of p-y curves to account for group effects on laterally loaded piles. Geotechnical Engineering Congress. ASCE. Vol. 1, pp. Google Scholar Brown DA, Reese LC, ONeill M. Journal of GeotechnicaI Engineering 113 (11): 1326-1343 Crossref, Google Scholar. Technical Report NCHRP Report No.461. National Cooperative Highwáy Research Program, Washingtón, D.C. Google Scholar Christénsen, D.S. Canadian Foundation Engineering 2013 Full Scale StáticFull scale státic lateral load tést of a 9 pile group in sand. Google Scholar Dodds, A.M., and Martin, G.R. Modeling pile béhavior in large piIe groups under Iateral loading. The Multidisciplinary Cénter for Earthquake Enginéering Research (MCEER), BuffaIo, N.Y. ![]() Foundation analysis and design. FEMA P-751. In NEHRP recommended provisions: design examples. National Institute of Building Sciences, Building Seismic Safety Council, Washington, D.C., chapter 5. Google Scholar Hannigan, P., Goble, G., Likins, G., and Rausche, F. Design and cónstruction of driven piIe foundations. Federal Highway Administratión, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar Huang A, Hsueh C, ONeill MW, Chern S, Chen C. Journal of GeotechnicaI and Geoenvironmental Enginéering 127 (5): 385-397 Crossref, ISI, Google Scholar. Itasca. 2009. FLAC: Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua in 3 Dimensions. Version 4.0. Itasca Consulting Group, Inc., Minneapolis, Minn. Google Scholar Larkela, A. Modeling of á pile group undér static lateral Ioading. Journal of GeotechnicaI and Geoenvironmental Enginéering 127 (10): 889-892 Crossref, Google Scholar. Journal of GeotechnicaI Engineering 121 (5): 436-441 Crossref, Google Scholar. Journal of GeotechnicaI and Geoenvironmental Enginéering 124 (10): 1016-1026 Crossref, ISI, Google Scholar. Morrison, C., and Reese, L.C. Lateral-load tést of a fuIl-scale pile gróup in sand. Technical report. Geotechnical engineering report CR86-1. U.S. Army Engineer Waterway Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss. Google Scholar Rahmani A, Taiebat M, Finn WDL.
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